South Sea pearls are the largest type of cultured pearls, typically ranging in size from 8mm to 16mm in diameter. They are cultured in saltwater oysters, specifically the Pinctada maxima oyster, native to marine waters between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. These pearls are known for their luxurious quality, with the silver-lipped oyster producing white pearls with silver, pink, or blue overtones, while the gold-lipped oyster produces naturally golden pearls with varying shades of yellow and orange. South Sea pearls are highly valued for their size, luster, and scarcity, with characteristics like nacre thickness, size, and luster setting them apart from other types of pearls.